To
break this day
free from all
the others
to
stand at the
morning end
of it and
push
off from
the shore
sail beyond
the
reach of all
my failures
calling after me
"You
can't just
leave us here"
shaking their fists
crowding
into
the water
clamoring "We
made
you who
you are" to
feel their voices
growing
small
underneath
the surf
the
wide un-
knowable ocean
all before me.
The
Intelligent Organization:
A Litmus Test |
|
No
one knows where the borderline between non-intelligent
behavior and intelligent behavior lies; in
fact, to suggest that a sharp borderline exists
is probably silly. But essential abilites
for intelligence are certainly:
to
respond to situations very flexibly;
to
take advantage of fortuitous circumstances;
to
make sense out of ambiguous or contradictory
messages;
to
recognize the relative importance of different
elements of a situation;
to
find simularities between situations despite
differences which may seperate them;
to
draw distinctions between situations despite
simularities which may link them;
to
synthesize new concepts by taking old concepts
and putting them together in new ways;
to
come up with ideas which are novel.
The
purposeful system perspective is concerned
with the aims and intentions of the system,
what the people who constitute the system
seek to do. Unlike the internal focus of the
preserving system, attention to the boundary
between the organization and the environment
is central to the purposeful system. The questions
implicit to this perspective are about meaning
and relevance: What are we about? What does
the environment in which we operate need us
to do? To answer these questions requires
more than a mission statement, more than a
catalog of values or simple prescriptions
such as increasing quality at the lowest possible
cost....
The
purposeful system perspective is analogous
to piecing together a puzzle without the picture
on the box that tells you what the finished
design should look like. Sir Arthur Eddington,
the theoretical physicist, once told a story
comparing the fitting together of a jigsaw
puzzle with the nature of scientific discovery:
"One day you ask the scientist how he
is getting on; he replies, 'Finely. I have
very nearly finished this piece of blue sky.'
Another day you ask how the sky is progressing
and are told, 'I have added a lot more, but
it was sea, not sky; there's a boat floating
on the top of it.' Perhaps next time it will
have turned out to be a parasol upside down,
but our friend is still enthusiastically delighted
with the progress he is making" (Wilber,
1984, p. 205). Eddington is describing how
a picture in our minds shifts with each new
element that is added. If we remain open to
new discovery, we may not need to disassemble
the previous pieces, but we must be willing
to revise our impression of what the whole
puzzle (or purpose) will look like. There
are times we may become absorbed with just
a few pieces, but the trick is to remain open
to new discovery and to delight in new pictures
of the whole. In contrast to engineering a
new system, purposeful thinking is responsive
to how the whole is constructed, rather than
simply defining the relationships among fragmentary
pieces. Purposeful system thinking is therefore
identified by how disciplined one is in creating
a real dialogue about the nature of the work,
its connection to one's own experience and
to the organization's outcomes.
In
the West, we associate development with learning
and adding to what is already thereas
I realized at my meeting of consultants during
the winter after Mondi died. But there is
an older (and, I believe, deeper) wisdom that
tells us that it is by unlearning and
stripping away what is there that we grow.
We
lack institutions which are based on a pedagogy
and offer a curriculum of un-learning. The
educational programs that are available emphasize
learning, not unlearning. And the religious
and therapeutic centers, where such things
might happen, all have their dogma which the
initiate is meant to learn. Where can we go
to dis-identify with all that got us as far
as we have gone in life?
Your
life runs a perfect curriculum, and the tuition
is modest. If you miss the offerings this
year, you can catch them next year. Again
and again, it offers us a correspondence course
in letting go: Introductory Letting Go, Intermediate
Letting Go and Advanced Letting Go. Life does
so not because what we are identifying with
is bad, but because we are ready for something
else, something further, something in some
way deeper.
Development is an interesting word
derived from a linguistic root meaning "rolled"
or "folded." An envelope
is a folded sheet of paper, and to develop
is to "unroll" something that has
been heretofore so tightly rolled that we
could not see what it really was...
The
path of development is the fishtailing course
we follow as we let go of what we have been
and then discover a new thing to becomeonly
to let go of that in time and become something
new. This is the Way of Transition,
the way or path of life itself, the alternating
current of embodiment and disengagement, expansion
and contraction.
If
science always insists that a new order must
be immediately fruitful, or that it has some
new predictive power, then creativity will
be blocked. New thoughts generally arise with
a play of the mind, and the failure to appreciate
this is actually one of the major blocks to
creativity. Thought is generally considered
to be a sober and weighty business. But here
it is being suggested that creative play is
an essential element in forming new hypotheses
and ideas. Indeed, thought which tries to
avoid play is in fact playing false with itself.
Play, it appears, is the very essence of thought.
This
notion of falseness that can creep into play
of thought is shown in the etymology of the
words illusion, delusion, and
collusion, all of which have as their
Latin root ludere, "to play."
So illusion implies playing false with perception;
delusion, playing false with thought; collusion,
playing false together in order to support
each other's illusions and delusions. When
thought plays false, the thinker may occasionally
recognize this fact, and express it in the
above words. Unfortunately, however, our English
language does not have a word for thought
which plays true. Perhaps this is a
reflection of a work ethic which does not
consider the importance of play and suggests
that work itself is noble while play is, at
best, recreational and, at worst, frivolous
and nonserious. However, to observe children
at play is to realize the serious intensity
of their energy and concentration.
The
Dynamic Enterprise continually transforms
the multitude of changes occurring around
it into coordinated strategic actions by its
people to further the development of its products
and services. The Dynamic Enterprise captures
the momentum of change in the external environment
and converts it into fuel for its own development....
The
specific form of the Dynamic Enterprise depends
on the conditions each particular business
faces and on when the question is asked. The
Dynamic Enterprise is not a business or institution
defined by a particular form; having one of
the new organizational structures, such as
a networked or project-based organization,
that attempts to support flexibility is no
guarantee of dynamism. The Dynamic Enterprise
is one whose people can respond to changes
in the external and internal environments
and can determine the best form for their
particular conditions. The Dynamic Enterprise
is described by its capabilities, not by its
structure.
The
Dynamic Enterprise is actually not a "thing"
at all, not a static structure or end point
that can be named or catagorized. Instead,
the Dynamic Enterprise goes on creating and
re-creating itself. It is the description
of how an enterprise acts to integrate
rapidly the dynamism in the environment into
products and services responsive to that dynamism.
| Rationality
& Irrationality in Publishing |
|
Publishing
uses the power of modern machines to produce
and disseminate its productions, it applies
rationality to its own organization and
functioning, and it is immersed in a sea
of irrationality to which it responds
and which it stimulates. Much of the creativity
that feeds publishing grows out of irrationality,
the workings of the subconscious thoughts
and desires of authors; the multitudes
of readers, whom we have been calling
the market, are also moved by their own
individual subconscious thoughts and desires.
If a publishing house is a matching device
. . . then it is often matching the irrationality
of readers to the irrationality of authors-and
vice versa. This is especially true in
the fields of fiction and poetry, but
it is also true in nonfiction. . . .
Style,
after all, is an expression of personality-I
mean style of thought, which includes
literary style-and the difficulty of explaining
or even defining style reveals its irrational
aspect. And of course each publishing
house has a style: the style of its editors
(again, not literary style but style of
performance), the style of its designers,
the style of its advertising and selling,
the style of its dealings with printers
and booksellers and other external agencies,
and the style of its management, which
becomes an internal style and affects
all the other manifestations of style.
The personality of the publisher himself,
his enthusiasms and moods and irrationalities
as well as his rational decisions and
carefully drawn policies, becomes an important
influence on the publishing activity .
. .
In
short, a publishing house is not a book-producing
machine, an assembly of parts each with
its unique and specific function; it is
organized group of human beings, each
with his own rational and irrational characteristics,
engaged in an activity that influences
and reflects society with all its rationalities
and irrationalities, its enthusiasms and
problems and desires and fads and institutions
and purposes. A publishing house is permeated
with the interest and variety and excitement
of the books it publishes. The management
of this activity shares its rational and
its irrational aspects, and although the
book concentrates on the rational aspects,
it should be kept in mind that both aspects
are essential and that it is in the successful
combination of both that the manager in
publishing finds his satisfaction.
'The
cure for boredom is curiosity. There is no
cure for curiosity.'
- Ellen Parr
Here
are some boring statistics. Or more accurately,
some statistics about boredom, which
is more interesting. The figures come from
a study conducted by Cyber Dialogue, a New
York-based research firm, and reported inn
the January 1999 edition of American Demographics
magazine:
21
per cent of Americans are regularly 'bored
out of their mind.'
Most
Americans respond to such boredom by switching
TV channels.
44.4
per cent eat when they are bored.
27.3
per cent go for a drive.
8.9
per cent drink alcohol.
35.6
per cent feign illness.
19.4
per cent cancel subscriptions to boring magazines.
14
per cent take a vacation.
10.8
per cent have a haircut.
67.9
per cent say no time of the week is especially
dull.
12.6
per cent say that Sundays are likely to be
dull.
9.8
per cent say weekday afternoons are boring.
6.7
per cent are bored by week-nights.
1.9
per cent are bored by mornings.
33.7
per cent end boring relationships.
7.6
per cent cheat on their boring partners.
62.9
per cent of Americans are rarely bored.
16.2
per cent are never bored.
3.8
per cent seek counselling for boredom.
Bertrand
Russell, the British philosopher, logician,
essayist, social critic and author of books
such as Human Knowledge: Its Scope and
Its Limits, The Conquest of Happiness
and The Philosophy of Logical Atomism,
observed: 'Boredom is a vital problem for
moralists since half the sins of mankind are
caused by the fear of it.'